Free dawes roll search - Freedmen (Minors) Search card 120 (Page 1 of 1) Search. First Name. Last Name. Tribal Nation Roll Number (if known) Card Number (if known) ... The Five Tribes include Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee (Creek), and Seminole. Enrollment for the Dawes Rolls began in 1898 and closed in 1907; a small number of individuals were …

 
Mar 19, 2017 ... These census cards also sometimes mention the 1880 Cherokee census and earlier rolls. You may also be able to find additional valuable .... Ace hardware bristol fl

Anthony was given land but he AND Emily were listed as Freedmen on the Dawes rolls. They were both rejected later and Anthony ended up losing his land. ... the Mississippi River 1851 Chapman Roll 1884 Hester Roll 1907 Council Roll 1908 Churchill Roll 1909 Guion Miller Roll I did a search on those rolls and the Census Rolls done by …However, if you ancestor does meet the above qualifications and is living in Indian Territory in the 1900 census, you can search the Final Dawes Rolls Index to locate your ancestor's tribe, roll number and census card number, or CC#. Also included on the index will be a designation of amount of Indian blood.Sep 27, 2022 · Kern-Clifton Roll of Cherokee Freedmen, 01/16/1897; Revised Copy of the Wallace Roll, ca. 1890–ca.1896; Dawes Rolls, 1896–1914 (Five Civilized Tribes of Oklahoma) Guion Miller Rolls, 1906–1911 (Eastern Cherokee) Examples of Rolls Related to American Indians. Please note: Most of these records have not yet been digitized. Census Records Indian Census Rolls and Federal Population Censuses Indian Census Rolls, 1885–1940 Little Chief, his wife Minnie, and son View in National Archives Catalog Agents and superintendents at American Indian reservations annually submitted census rolls starting in 1885. These rolls include individuals and families who maintained a formal connection with federally recognized tribes.Genealogical Research - Provides general information as to where individuals can look in order to find the appropriate information they need to support their ... Dawes Rolls-The …Internet Archive (database title: "Indian Census of the United States – 1885–1940") – accessible for free; no account is needed. The Indian Census Rolls are searchable by name and keyword (e.g., tribe) on Ancestry, Fold3, and FamilySearch. The records can be browsed by microfilm roll on the Internet Archive. Find the National …Dec 29, 2009 ... If a person cannot find one iota of evidence to support their family story, then it is highly unlikely they have any Cherokee ancestry at all.Uncovering your family’s past can be a fascinating journey, but it can also be a difficult one to navigate. Fortunately, there are now tools available that make it easier to trace ...The census rolls provide additional government documents that can prove kinship and ethnicity for your ancestors. Look for the individuals in your family tree and track their family connections to parents, siblings, spouses, and children as you fill in your family group sheets and pedigree charts.The Dawes Rolls are lists of individuals who were eligible for tribal membership in the “Five Civilized Tribes” from 1898-1914. Those who were eligible were ...The Dawes Roll (Final Rolls) is a list of those members of the Five Civilized Tribes who removed to Indian Territory (Oklahoma) during the 1800’s and were living there during …7842276. This item is available on microfilm at this FamilySearch center. Final rolls of citizens and freedmen ... in Indian Territory, Choctaw roll, citizens by blood - new born no. 1-1583 (NARA Series T529, Roll 1) Family History Library. United States & Canada 2nd Floor Film. 830228.Search our database to determine if you are one of the proud descendants of the Cherokee Indian blood line. Obtain your official autographed copy of any of the Cherokee Roots publications absolutely free! That’s right, 100% free! Bob Blankenship will personally sign any of the various Cherokee Roots titles just for you.Freedmen Search card 419: Mary Bowman : 45: F: 1653: Creek Freedmen Search card 419: Robert Bowman : 6: M: 1654: Creek Freedmen Search card 419: ... in 1914. The Five Tribes include Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee (Creek), and Seminole. Enrollment for the Dawes Rolls began in 1898 and closed in 1907; a small number of …Dawes Rolls of Choctaw Freedmen. A-B. Compiled by Angela Y. Walton-Raji Name / Roll Number. This is an index of the names of the Choctaw Freedmen listed with their Roll numbers. This pertains to the former slaves of the Choctaw Nation of Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) and does not include the names of the Mississippi Choctaws or those from …Commonly known as the Dawes Rolls, the official title of this record group is "Final Rolls of Citizens and Freedmen of the Five Civilized Tribes in Indian Territory." Enrollment for the Dawes Rolls began in 1898 and closed in 1907; a few individuals were added to the rolls 1914.Researching an Individual or Family Records relating to American Indians at the National Archives may help you locate information about an individual or family such as names, dates, location, and more. A variety of Federal agencies created these documents in the course of daily business. Click on one of the tabs below to learn about the research …While other tribes maintained records and census rolls that could verify an applicant's identity, the Mississippi Choctaw had few records. The Dawes Commission made judgments based on an applicant's "Choctaw characteristics," such as their appearance or ability to speak the Choctaw language. The Dawes Commission was bombarded with …The Dawes Rolls are different than the various Indian Census records.. The Dawes Rolls are specifically for Indian Territory.They were created to enumerate Native Americans in Indian Territory who would be granted private ownership over parcels of land, because white settlers were beginning to try to claim land in Indian Territory for themselves.Dawes Final Rolls. The Dawes Rolls list individuals who chose to enroll and were approved for membership in the Five Tribes (Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee (Creek), and Seminole). Enrollment for the Dawes Rolls began in 1898 and ended in 1906. Search the Dawes Final Rolls. 1896 Applications for Enrollment. This enrollment was created ...Oct 25, 2023 ... The Commissioners were able to find her name on previous census lists, and noted the name changes she made over four marriages. They didn't ...Description: Dawes Commission, a federal initiative, was named after its chairman Senator Henry Dawes of Massachusetts. One of the objectives was to codify membership within the tribal organizations. The result was the creation of what is commonly known as the Dawes Rolls. As federal public documents they are in the public domain and are free ...According to the Dawes Commission rules, a person who was 1/4 Cherokee and 1/4 Creek had to choose one nation and register simply as ‘1/4 Cherokee’, for instance. That forced individuals to lose part of his or her inheritance and heritage. Although many Indian tribes did not consider strict ‘blood’ descent the only way to determine if a ...Dec 29, 2009 ... If a person cannot find one iota of evidence to support their family story, then it is highly unlikely they have any Cherokee ancestry at all.Sep 3, 2014 · Wallace Roll of Cherokee Freedmen in Indian Territory – 1890 The digitized document is a schedule of names of Cherokee freedmen created by Special Agent John W. Wallace. Individuals on the schedule were entitled to share with the Shawnee and Delaware in the per capita distribution of $75,000, appropriated by Congress in October 1888, and ... Freedmen Search card 899: Edward Christie : 20: M: Full: 3719: Choctaw by Blood Search card 1357: Mamie Hall : 5: F: 3719: Choctaw Freedmen Search card 384 ... in 1914. The Five Tribes include Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee (Creek), and Seminole. Enrollment for the Dawes Rolls began in 1898 and closed in 1907; a small number of ...These enrollment cards apply to the Five Civilized Tribes - the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole. This database also contains the Final Rolls, or lists of individuals approved by the Commission for citizenship, as well as an Index to the Final Rolls. U.S., Native American Citizens and Freedmen of Five Civilized Tribes, 1895-1914The rolls include both approved and rejected names. Most rolls give the name, age, sex, degree of Indian blood, and roll and census card number of each …Search the Dawes Rolls, 1898–1914 Creek (Freedmen), Card 474. Your search returned 9 results. Name Age ... lists individuals living between 1898 and 1914 who applied for the roll and were included in the publication The Final Rolls of Citizens and Freedmen of the Five Civilized Tribes in Indian Territory, printed in 1914. The Five Tribes ...Census Records Indian Census Rolls and Federal Population Censuses Indian Census Rolls, 1885–1940 Little Chief, his wife Minnie, and son View in National Archives Catalog Agents and superintendents at American Indian reservations annually submitted census rolls starting in 1885. These rolls include individuals and families who maintained a formal connection with federally recognized tribes.Dawes Rolls of Choctaw Freedmen. A-B. Compiled by Angela Y. Walton-Raji Name / Roll Number. This is an index of the names of the Choctaw Freedmen listed with their Roll numbers. This pertains to the former slaves of the Choctaw Nation of Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) and does not include the names of the Mississippi Choctaws or those from …Oklahoma, Applications for Enrollment to the Five Civilized Tribes are available online, click here. "1898 Dawes Roll "plus" - The 1898 Dawes Roll plus Guion Mill Roll information for those that were on both rolls. One can look forward in time from 1898 to the 1906 Guion Miller Roll and see such things as a 1906 surname change brought about by ...1. Verify your family lived in Indian Territory in the 1900 census. To qualify for enrollment, an individual had to be living with his or her tribe in Indian Territory in 1900. If your family wasn’t there, it’s unlikely you’ll find them on the Dawes Rolls. Above is a portion of the 1900 US Census for Indian Territory enumerating the ... The University of Oklahoma Libraries | 401 West Brooks Street, Norman, OK 73019 | (405)325-4142 Find Application Number in M685 or “Cherokee by Blood. ... _____ Dawes Roll “Plus” [TLC and OGS]. Tribe ... The 1851 Drennen Roll of the Cherokee Indians compiled.Qualla Boundary. PO Box 455. Cherokee, NC 28719. 828-497-4771. https://ebci.com. If you need further genealogy assistance at other times, the Muskogee Public Library, 801 West Okmulgee in Muskogee, Okla., may be able to help. Call 918-682-6657. It contains most of the Cherokee Dawes applications and the Miller Roll applications, as well as ...The National Archives preserves and makes available documents created by federal agencies in the course of their daily business. Because the U.S. government’s interactions with American Indians and Alaska Natives have changed over time, knowing the geographic place and time period of your research topic will help create a more positive ...Search the Dawes Rolls, 1898–1914 Choctaw Freedmen, Card 212. Your search returned 9 results. Name Age Sex Blood Roll No. ... and Seminole. Commonly known as the Dawes Rolls, the official title of this record group is "Final Rolls of Citizens and Freedmen of the Five Civilized Tribes in Indian Territory." Enrollment for the Dawes Rolls began ...Applications from Chickasaw and Choctaw freedmen were filed separately from the applications for the rest of these two tribes. How to Search This Database: The first microfilm roll of this collection contains an index to all of the application files. The names in this index have been transcribed and can be searched on using the search template ...Oklahoma Birth and Death Records. Some Oklahoma birth and death information is available online through Ok2Explore, a free searchable index from the Oklahoma State Vital Records Division. The index includes births that occurred more than twenty years ago and deaths that occurred more than five years ago. Visit Ok2Explore now.Freedmen Search card 329: Johnny Butler : 12: M: 628: Choctaw Freedmen Search card 329: Earle Butler : 10: M: 629: Choctaw Freedmen Search card 329 ... in 1914. The Five Tribes include Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee (Creek), and Seminole. Enrollment for the Dawes Rolls began in 1898 and closed in 1907; a small number of …Freedmen Search card 419: Mary Bowman : 45: F: 1653: Creek Freedmen Search card 419: Robert Bowman : 6: M: 1654: Creek Freedmen Search card 419: ... in 1914. The Five Tribes include Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee (Creek), and Seminole. Enrollment for the Dawes Rolls began in 1898 and closed in 1907; a small number of …Dawes Rolls and American Indian Ancestry The following resources are available for researching your Indian ancestry. If you are searching for a connection to one of the Five …Oklahoma, Applications for Enrollment to the Five Civilized Tribes are available online, click here. "1898 Dawes Roll "plus" - The 1898 Dawes Roll plus Guion Mill Roll information for those that were on both rolls. One can look forward in time from 1898 to the 1906 Guion Miller Roll and see such things as a 1906 surname change brought about by ...Wallace Roll of Cherokee Freedmen in Indian Territory – 1890. ... On the main page of this blog is a search field. Enter the words “5 civilized” and you will get a list of articles with resources. ... Nation Freemen Roll”, Dawes Roll #, birth certificate of her dad, and death certificate of her paternal grandmother that is named on the ...1. Verify your family lived in Indian Territory in the 1900 census. To qualify for enrollment, an individual had to be living with his or her tribe in Indian Territory in 1900. If your family wasn’t there, it’s unlikely you’ll find them on the Dawes Rolls. Above is a portion of the 1900 US Census for Indian Territory enumerating the ...1. Verify your family lived in Indian Territory in the 1900 census. To qualify for enrollment, an individual had to be living with his or her tribe in Indian Territory in 1900. If your family wasn’t there, it’s unlikely you’ll find them on the Dawes Rolls. Above is a portion of the 1900 US Census for Indian Territory enumerating the ...Under the terms of the 1887 Dawes Act, Indian reservations were surveyed and lands held in common by the tribes were allotted in smaller parcels to individual members of the tribe. Individuals had to be enrolled tribal members to apply for an allotment. The lands were usually granted as homesteads. These records were created to provide …How to search for Dawes Commission records. Before you can effectively use the catalog to find a person in the Dawes Final Rolls, you need to know: Your ancestor's name; Ancestor’s tribe - If you do not know the person's tribe: you can look for clues in the 1900 Census. For those American Indians living in tribal areas, there were special ...1. Begin by searching for them by name in the search template above to locate them in the Final Rolls and Index to the Final Rolls. 2. From the results, write down their tribal category, enrollment card number, and Dawes roll number (it may be necessary to view the corresponding images to verify accurate transcription). a.Advanced Search . Find results with: Add another field. Search by date. to; Searching collections: Western History - Native American Manuscripts - Creek Nation ... Census roll of Creek Indians including roll number, name, age, name of father, name of mother, and B. and P. Roll is arranged in alphabetical order by name. View Description.The Dawes Roll Index is a crucial resource for individuals seeking information about Native American ancestry. It serves as an essential tool for genealogical research, providing v...1. Begin by searching for them by name in the search template above to locate them in the Final Rolls and Index to the Final Rolls. 2. From the results, write down their tribal category, enrollment card number, and Dawes roll number (it may be necessary to view the corresponding images to verify accurate transcription). a.1. Begin by searching for them by name in the search template above to locate them in the Final Rolls and Index to the Final Rolls. 2. From the results, write down their tribal category, enrollment card number, and Dawes roll number (it may be necessary to view the corresponding images to verify accurate transcription). a.These enrollment cards apply to the Five Civilized Tribes - the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole. This database also contains the Final Rolls, or lists of individuals approved by the Commission for citizenship, as well as an Index to the Final Rolls. U.S., Records Related to Enrollment of Eastern Cherokee by Guion Miller, 1908-1910 1. Begin by searching for them by name in the search template above to locate them in the Final Rolls and Index to the Final Rolls. 2. From the results, write down their tribal category, enrollment card number, and Dawes roll number (it may be necessary to view the corresponding images to verify accurate transcription). a. Jan 15, 2024 · Where to Find the Records. These annual Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940, were gathered into a collection by the Commissioner's Office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and are now located at the National Archives in Washington, D.C. They have been microfilmed and are also available on the internet. Online. United States, Native American, Census ... The National Archives preserves and makes available documents created by federal agencies in the course of their daily business. Because the U.S. government’s interactions with American Indians and Alaska Natives have changed over time, knowing the geographic place and time period of your research topic will help create a more positive ...Lists of people accepted between 1898 and 1914 by the Dawes Commission as members of these five Indian tribes: Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw and Seminole; Steps on how to search for someone in the Dawes Rolls online; Ideas for further steps you can take in your Native American research.Dawes Rolls of Choctaw Freedmen. A-B. Compiled by Angela Y. Walton-Raji Name / Roll Number. This is an index of the names of the Choctaw Freedmen listed with their Roll numbers. This pertains to the former slaves of the Choctaw Nation of Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) and does not include the names of the Mississippi Choctaws or those from …The Curtis Act extended the provisions of the Dawes Act (1887) into the Indian Territory, which had a sizable group of blacks within the Cherokee, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Creek, and Seminole tribes. Many of these freedmen had even created their own communities within the various tribes. While many black freedmen lived within the Five …Freedmen Search card 572: Florence McGee : 15: M: 2383: Chickasaw Freedmen Transferred to Chickasaw By Blood Card 1846 Roll 5046, Roll 5049: ... in 1914. The Five Tribes include Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee (Creek), and Seminole. Enrollment for the Dawes Rolls began in 1898 and closed in 1907; a small number of …Dawes Rolls and American Indian Ancestry. The following resources are available for researching your Indian ancestry. If you are searching for a connection to one of the Five Tribes—Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee, and Seminole—consult the Dawes Final Roll. This final roll is the basis for determining eligibility for tribal citizenship. 1. Begin by searching for them by name in the search template above to locate them in the Final Rolls and Index to the Final Rolls. 2. From the results, write down their tribal category, enrollment card number, and Dawes roll number (it may be necessary to view the corresponding images to verify accurate transcription). a. Guion Miller Roll. The Guion Miller Roll index includes the names of all persons applying for compensation arising from the judgment of the United States Court of Claims on May 28, 1906, for the Eastern Cherokee tribe. While numerous individuals applied, not all the claims were allowed. The information included on the index is the …Freedmen Search card 265: Henry Grayson : 20: M: 980: Creek Freedmen Search card 265 (Page 1 of 1) Search. First Name. ... in 1914. The Five Tribes include Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee (Creek), and Seminole. Enrollment for the Dawes Rolls began in 1898 and closed in 1907; a small number of individuals were added to the rolls …This database lists individuals living between 1898 and 1914 who applied for the roll and were included in the publication The Final Rolls of Citizens and Freedmen of the Five Civilized Tribes in Indian Territory, printed in 1914. The Five Tribes include Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee (Creek), and Seminole.According to About.com, 50 dimes are in a standard coin roll and constitute a $5 value. A half roll of dimes has 25 dimes with a $2.50 value, and a double roll of dimes has 100 dim...Freedmen Search card 734: William Jefferson : 3: M: 2326: Seminole Freedmen Search card 734: Hetty Cobb : 1: F: 2327: Seminole Freedmen Search card 734 ... in 1914. The Five Tribes include Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee (Creek), and Seminole. Enrollment for the Dawes Rolls began in 1898 and closed in 1907; a small number of …Apr 3, 2024 · The census rolls provide additional government documents that can prove kinship and ethnicity for your ancestors. Look for the individuals in your family tree and track their family connections to parents, siblings, spouses, and children as you fill in your family group sheets and pedigree charts. The Dawes Rolls contain plenty of helpful information themselves, and they also act as a great jumping off point – they can provide direction for where else to look for information on your ancestry. For example, since they provide each individual’s census card number, you can use that information to look up their census card for other ...Dec 29, 2009 ... If a person cannot find one iota of evidence to support their family story, then it is highly unlikely they have any Cherokee ancestry at all.Search the Dawes Rolls, 1898–1914. Your search returned 107552 results. Name Age Sex Blood Roll No. ... Commonly known as the Dawes Rolls, the official title of this record group is "Final Rolls of Citizens and Freedmen of the Five Civilized Tribes in Indian Territory." Enrollment for the Dawes Rolls began in 1898 and closed in 1907; a few ... The University of Oklahoma Libraries | 401 West Brooks Street, Norman, OK 73019 | (405)325-4142 Congratulations! You’ve secured a new job, and you’re preparing for a brand new adventure ahead. As your journey begins, you may need to learn a few things about how to maximize yo...The census rolls provide additional government documents that can prove kinship and ethnicity for your ancestors. Look for the individuals in your family tree and track their family connections to parents, siblings, spouses, and children as you fill in your family group sheets and pedigree charts.If you’re a music producer or an aspiring musician, you’ve probably heard of VST plugins. VST stands for Virtual Studio Technology, and it allows you to expand the capabilities of ...Dawes Rolls and American Indian Ancestry. The following resources are available for researching your Indian ancestry. If you are searching for a connection to one of the Five Tribes—Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee, and Seminole—consult the Dawes Final Roll. This final roll is the basis for determining eligibility for tribal citizenship.

Oklahoma Dawes Rolls, 1898-1914. 107,247 records. Other. Oklahoma. Discover your ancestry - search Birth, Marriage and Death certificates, census records, immigration lists and other records - all in one family search! . Firehouse subs springfield il

free dawes roll search

Chickasaw Freedmen Search card 1471: Annie Reynolds : 28: F: 4752: Chickasaw Freedmen Search card 1505: Annie Brown : 21: F: 102: Chickasaw Freedmen Search card 19 ... Commonly known as the Dawes Rolls, the official title of this record group is "Final Rolls of Citizens and Freedmen of the Five Civilized Tribes in Indian Territory." …The Dawes Rolls (or Final Rolls of Citizens and Freedmen of the Five Civilized Tribes, or Dawes Commission of Final Rolls) were created by the United States Dawes Commission. The commission was authorized by United States Congress in 1893 to execute the General Allotment Act of 1887. [1]Where to Find the Records. These annual Indian Census Rolls, 1885-1940, were gathered into a collection by the Commissioner's Office of the Bureau of Indian Affairs and are now located at the National Archives in Washington, D.C. They have been microfilmed and are also available on the internet. Online. United States, Native … The Dawes Rolls was taken during the years 1898-1914. In order to be listed on the Dawes Rolls, your ancestors must have lived in Indian Territory (present-day Oklahoma) as members or citizens of the Five Civilized Tribes (Chickasaw, Cherokee, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole). The Dawes Rolls are the required records for enrollment in the Five ... According to About.com, 50 dimes are in a standard coin roll and constitute a $5 value. A half roll of dimes has 25 dimes with a $2.50 value, and a double roll of dimes has 100 dim...1. Begin by searching for them by name in the search template above to locate them in the Final Rolls and Index to the Final Rolls. 2. From the results, write down their tribal category, enrollment card number, and Dawes roll number (it may be necessary to view the corresponding images to verify accurate transcription). a.Search the Dawes Rolls, 1898–1914 Creek Freedmen, Card 738. Your search returned 6 results. Name Age Sex Blood Roll No. ... and Seminole. Commonly known as the Dawes Rolls, the official title of this record group is "Final Rolls of Citizens and Freedmen of the Five Civilized Tribes in Indian Territory." Enrollment for the Dawes Rolls began in ...Uncovering your family’s past can be a fascinating journey, but it can also be a difficult one to navigate. Fortunately, there are now tools available that make it easier to trace ...Search the Dawes Rolls, 1898–1914. Your search returned 9 results. Name Age Sex Blood Quantum Roll No. Enrollment/ Card Group Note Card No. Ruth C. Free : 16: F: 1/32: 3569: ... Search card 2334: Zona Free : 10: F: 1/2: 6762: Choctaw by Blood Search card 2334: Nettie Free : 8: F: 1/2: 6763: Choctaw by Blood Search card 2334 (Page 1 of 1 ...Mar 2, 2012 ... 1907 Council Roll 1908 Churchill Roll 1909 Guion Miller Roll I did a search on those rolls and the Census Rolls done by the Cherokee Agency ...Choctaw & Chickasaw Freedmen Association (CCFA) Our group leadership is managed by descendants of documented African & African Native Americans of the Choctaw & Chickasaw Nations. When the official Dawes Roll was established, our ancestors were segregated to Freedmen Roll. For over 150 years, Freedmen in these communities …Freedmen Search card 1327: Florence Shields : 5: F: 4831: Choctaw Freedmen Search card 1327: Mary Jane Shields : 21: F: 2960: Choctaw Freedmen ... in 1914. The Five Tribes include Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee (Creek), and Seminole. Enrollment for the Dawes Rolls began in 1898 and closed in 1907; a small number of individuals were ...Freedmen Search card 1183: Caesar Eubanks : 24: M: 3844: Choctaw Freedmen Search card 1183: Susan Eubanks : 20: F: 3845: Choctaw Freedmen Search card 1183 ... in 1914. The Five Tribes include Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Muscogee (Creek), and Seminole. Enrollment for the Dawes Rolls began in 1898 and closed in 1907; a small number of ....

Popular Topics