2021 ap bio frqs - AP Bio Free Response Question for Cellular Regulatory Mechanisms. Cells have a number of regulatory mechanisms in place in order to ensure proper growth. a.) Name one cellular regulatory mechanism and how it prevents a cell from replicating if it is not supposed to. b.) Name one reason why a cell would be given the signal to STOP replicating. c.)

 
2021 MCQ Practice Exam - AP Biology. The CFTR protein is made up of 1,480 amino acids linked together in a chain. Some humans produce a version of the CFTRprotein in which phenylalanine (an amino acid) has been deleted from position 508 of the amino acid chain. Which of the following best predicts how the amino acid deletion will affect the .... Bethlehem pa weather report

The Complete AP Biology Review Guide for 2023. Reviewing for the AP Biology exam can seem daunting. There's so much material to cover, and much of it is highly complex. However, if you plan your time well and use appropriate study materials and strategies, you can expect a great score on the exam. In this article, I'll give you an overview of ...Dec 30, 2021 ... How do you master the short FRQs on the AP® Bio exam? What do you need to do to get all of the points on these free response questions?Know how to answer questions based on the task verbs 1. Each question on the APES FRQ section has task verbs that are bolded. Below is a list of the most common task verbs on the FRQs and how to write your responses to each. Identify. When writing your response to the "identify" task verb, only answer the question in a single sentence. Visit College Board on the web: collegeboard.org. Chief Reader Report on Student Responses: 2021 AP®Biology Free-Response Questions. • Number of Students Scored 230,527 • Number of Readers 1,000 • Score Distribution Exam Score N %At 5 17,048 7.4 4 44,766 19.4 3 74,683 32.4 2 69,165 30.0 1 24,865 10.8. Questions 1 and 2 are long free-response questions that require about 22 minutes each to answer and are worth 10 points each. Questions 3–8 are short free-response questions that require about 6 minutes each to answer. Questions 3–5 are worth 4 points each and questions 6–8 are worth 3 points each. Read each question carefully and completely.AP ClassroomFeb 16, 2021. AP Biology Past FRQs by Topic. Updated: Jan 31. **Updated on 1/31/24 to include the 2022-23 FRQ exams!** If you are looking for past AP Biology free-response questions (FRQs) that are organized by topic, then you have come to the right place.AP Bio Free Response Question Answers for Punnett Squares. 👋 Welcome to the AP Bio Unit 5 FRQ (Punnett Squares) Answers. Have your responses handy as you go through the rubrics to see how you did! ⏱ Remember, the AP Biology exam has 6 free-response questions, and you will be given 90 minutes to complete the FRQ section.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In 1995 the United States House of Representatives approved a bill that would make English the official language of the United States. The vote was 259 to 169, with 223 Republicans and 36 Democrats voting in favor and 8 Republicans, 160 Democrats, and 1 independent voting against. The debate was intense . . . and partisan ...In today’s digital age, having a compelling personal bio is essential for making a strong first impression. Whether you’re an entrepreneur, freelancer, or job seeker, your bio serv... AP® Biology 2022 Scoring Guidelines. Question 1: Interpreting and Evaluating Experimental Results with Experimental Design. 9 points. The binding of an extracellular ligand to a G protein-coupled receptor in the plasma membrane of a cell triggers intracellular signaling (Figure 1, A). After ligand binding, GTP replaces the GDP that is bound to. Calculate the water potential ( ) of an animal cell without contractile vacuoles if water enters the cell and creates a solute potential ( ) of -2. Assume that the pressure potential ( ) in the cell is 0. The higher the salt contraction, the lower the rate of contractile vacuole concentration. -2+0= -2 WP.AP ® Biology 2021 Scoring Commentary . Question 3 . Note: Student samples are quoted verbatim and may contain spelling and grammatical errors. Overview . This question described an experiment in which mammalian muscle cells were treated with resveratrol dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO).Questions 1 and 2 are long free-response questions that require about 25 minutes each to answer. Questions 3 through 6 are short free-response questions that require about 10 minutes each to answer. Read each question carefully and completely. Answers must be written out in paragraph form.The AP Biology exam is 3 hours long and is divided into two sections: Section A: Multiple-choice questions. Section B: Free-response questions. Section A consists of 60 multiple-choice questions and is 1 hour and 30 minutes long. It weighs 50% of the total score. Section B consists of 6 free-response questions and is 1 hour and 30 minutes long.Jan 31, 2019 ... New Video on AP Biology FRQ Tips Updated for 2021: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w0Etu765dN8&feature=youtu.be AP BIOLOGY® is a trademark ...Unit 2 AP BIO FRQ. AP Biology: Chapter 6-7 Study Set: A Tour of the Cell, Membrane Structure, and Function. electron transport chain-biochem. Biochemistry AP Bio. AP Bio FRQs. Chapter 13. BCH401G Exam 2. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Dehydration Reactions (Synthesis), Hydrolysis, Protein functions …Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like (a) If a particular gene is located on the Z chromosome of this lizard species, describe why a lizard with a ZW genotype has a greater probability of expressing the recessive phenotype for the trait than a lizard with the ZZ genotype does., (b) Using the template, construct an ...2020-2021 FRQ Fridays. Reply reply americ-anfootball06 • for me i did all the ap bio past frqs AFTER 2019 because they changed their curriculum at some point and overall I did pretty well on the frq. I also watched all the ap live review videos and if there was something I didn't understand I looked it up and then wrote a full, easy to ...Answer all three questions, which are weighted equally; the suggested time is about 22 minutes for answering each question. Write all your answers in the Free Response booklet. Where calculations are required, clearly show how you arrived at your answer. Where explanation or discussion is required, support your answers with relevant information ...Note: Some questions and scoring guidelines from the 2023 and earlier AP U.S. Government and Politics Exams may not perfectly align with the course and exam updates that take effect in the 2023-24 school year.These questions remain available because teachers say that imperfectly aligned questions still provide instructional value. 2023: …Here are a document to years of past MCQ questions and a site with hundreds of practice questions taken from prep books like Barron's and Princeton Review. b-ok.cc. Crackap.com. They take questions from prep books and such and compile them into an online format for free. Do official practice exams from recent years.AP® BIOLOGY 2017 SCORING GUIDELINES Question 1 TABLE 1. EFFECT OF 0.1 mM CAFFEINE ON MEMORY IN BEES Memory (average probability of revisiting a nectar source ± 2SE-) Treatment X 10 Minutes 24 Hours Control 0.72 ± 0.09 0.41±0.07 Caffeine 0.83 ± 0.07 0.78 ± 0.08Apr 10, 2019 ... Add a comment... 1:23:26. Go to channel · Reviewing the 2021 AP Biology FRQ Exam - Administration #1. MrChowPodcast•21K views · 5 videos ...Unit 2 FRQ Practice: File Size: 310 kb: File Type: docx: Download File. Unit 2 FRQ Practice: File Size: 300 kb: File Type: pdf: Download File. Tuesday, May 2: 8 Days until AP Exam. ... 2023 AP Biology Crunch Session. Quizizz Codes Go to quizizz.com and enter the following codes to play the games.Topics for AP Biology Review. The College Board is very detailed in what they require your AP teacher to cover in his or her AP Biology course. These are the official Big Four Ideas: Big Idea 1: The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life. Big Idea 2: Biological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to ...NEW FRQ Layout for the 2024 AP Biology Exam! YouTube, The ap® biology exam is composed of two sections: 👋 welcome to the ap bio unit 2 frq (intercellular transport). Source: markseducation.com. Studying for the 2023 AP Biology Test Marks Education, What is the format of the ap bio exam? Oxygen is an electron acceptor.12 days and 21 days. Provides a justification for part (b-i) by calculating the lower and upper outlier criteria for the 1.5 × IQR rule (e.g., "using method A, an outlier is any value below. days or above 11 days") 3. Correctly identifies the one outlier in part (b-ii) as the patient who stayed for. 21 days. 4.It might help you focus what you want to say when you start writing your actual answer. I say just practice a ton of frqs and you'll eventually find your groove of writing, ive done that for my other ap classes and its helped. Here are a few FRQ Strategy videos for AP Bio: Long FRQ Tips Short FRQ Tips Good luck!AP Biology 2021-2022 Semester 1 Final Exam (FRQ) Describe the transfer of energy that occurs in the reaction shown in Figure 1. Click the card to flip 👆. Fructose 6 phosphate (F6P) turns into fructose 1,6 bisphosphate (FBP) by using one ATP in the presence of PFK. The change from ATP to ADP is caused by phosphorylation in the cell.Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like (a) If a particular gene is located on the Z chromosome of this lizard species, describe why a lizard with a ZW genotype has a greater probability of expressing the recessive phenotype for the trait than a lizard with the ZZ genotype does., (b) Using the template, construct an ...The last 4 weeks before the AP Exam, I will go live on Instagram to go over the FRQs from the 2021 AP Exam. Check out the FRQ Fridays from 2020-2021 school year by clicking the image at the bottom of the page.AP Classroom2021 AP Exam Dates. The 2021 exam schedule offered three testing dates (Administrations 1, 2, and 3) for each subject between early May and mid-June. In Administration 1, all exams were paper and pencil*, administered in school. In Administration 2, half of the subjects were paper and pencil*, administered in school, and half were digital ...AP® Biology 2022 Scoring Guidelines. Question 1: Interpreting and Evaluating Experimental Results with Experimental Design. 9 points. The binding of an extracellular ligand to a G protein-coupled receptor in the plasma membrane of a cell triggers intracellular signaling (Figure 1, A). After ligand binding, GTP replaces the GDP that is bound to.AP ® Microeconomics 2021 Free-Response Questions . 1. The government of an island nation grants SkyRunner Airlines exclusive monopoly rights to serve the island. SkyRunner is earning positive economic profits. (a) Draw a correctly labeled graph for SkyRunner, and show each of the following. (i) The profit-maximizing quantity of tickets ...The natural rate of unemployment is 5%, the frictional rate of unemployment is 4%, and the actual rate of unemployment is 7%. (a) What is the numerical value of the cyclical rate of unemployment in Flowerland? (b) Assume the foreign demand for lavender oil produced in Flowerland increases.2021 AP Exam Administration Scoring Guidelines - AP Physics 1: Algebra-Based Author: College Board Subject: Advanced Placement; AP; Keywords: 2021 ; AP Exam Administration ; Scoring Guidelines; scoring information; free-response scoring criteria; scoring resources; FRQ; teacher resources; exam information Created Date: 7/30/2021 2:55:57 PM50% of the points are from multi-choice exam questions. 50% of the points are from free-response questions. The AP Bio FRQ (Free Response Questions) cover the following: - Question 1 Interpreting and Evaluating Experimental Results - Question 2: Interpreting and Evaluating Experimental Results with Graphing - Question 3: Scientific Investigation - Question 4: Conceptual Analysis - Question 5 ...Topics for AP Biology Review. The College Board is very detailed in what they require your AP teacher to cover in his or her AP Biology course. These are the official Big Four Ideas: Big Idea 1: The process of evolution drives the diversity and unity of life. Big Idea 2: Biological systems utilize free energy and molecular building blocks to ...Sample: 6B. Score: 3. The response earned 1 point in part (a) for identifying mRNA III. The response earned 1 point in part (b) for describing the phases and changes of mRNA I concentration throughout the experiment, concluding with decreasing at "about 10 hours.".Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 2019 1a. Circle ONE arrow that represents transcription on the template pathway. Identify the molecule that would be absent if enzyme YUC is nonfunctional, 2019 1b. Predict how the deletion of one of the base pairs in the fourth codon of the codon region of gene Trp-T would most likely affect the population of IAA. Justify your ...the. AP® BIOLOGY. 2017 SCORING COMMENTARY. Question 1. Overview. This question was based on investigations of the effects of caffeine on memory in bees. Caffeine is often produced by plants in their nectar, and researchers studied the effect of caffeine on the probability of bees remembering and, therefore, revisiting a nectar source.Directions: Questions 1-3 are long free-response questions that require about 23 minutes each to answer and are worth 10 points each. Questions 4-7 are short free-response questions that require about 9 minutes each to answer and are worth 4 points each. For each question, show your work for each part in the space provided after that part.Subscription Needed. Shmoop Practice Tests (free trial available, $24.68 a month for subscription) A subscription to Shmoop will get you access to a diagnostic test plus five full AP Biology practice tests (including both multiple-choice and free-response questions, although these are of course unofficial).Feb 16, 2021. AP Biology Past FRQs by Topic. Updated: Jan 31. **Updated on 1/31/24 to include the 2022-23 FRQ exams!** If you are looking for past AP Biology free-response questions (FRQs) that are …The exam is on paper on May 11 (Wednesday) at 12 noon. An announcement will be made to go to the basement (there will be 2 rooms utilized). First part is 90 minutes and requires a number 2 pencil. Second part is 90 minutes and requires a blue or black ink pen. There will be a ten minute break between the two parts.AP Biology Penguins: Home > 2023-2024 Exam Review > > > > > Previous Exam Review > > > > Contact Information Jones Class Instagram Live Sessions ... FRQs: 2016 AP Bio FRQs Scoring Guidelines: 2016 AP Bio SGs. Question #1. FRQ Friday #4 (2016 #1) File Size: 1061 kb: File Type: pdf: Download File.Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at [email protected]. The ...1.B, 6.D, ENE-1, 7 more... Original free-response prompts for AP® Biology that mimic the questions found on the real exam. Our expert authors also provide an exemplary response for each AP free response question so students can better understand what AP graders look for.Question 6 (continued) 1. in the second line by presenting the limit (with or without absolute values) lim 2 e n 3 . The response earned the. n 1 en second point by correctly evaluating the limit resulting in 1, referencing that 1 0 , and presenting a correct. 2 2 conclusion in the lower right.AP® Biology 2021 Scoring Guidelines (a) Describe the characteristics of the plasma membrane that prevent simple diffusion of Na + and K + across the membrane. 1 point Accept one of the following: • The interior of the plasma membrane is hydrophobic/nonpolar. • The phospholipid tails are hydrophobic/nonpolar.Subscription Needed. Shmoop Practice Tests (free trial available, $24.68 a month for subscription) A subscription to Shmoop will get you access to a diagnostic test plus five full AP Biology practice tests (including both multiple-choice and free-response questions, although these are of course unofficial).Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at [email protected]. The ...1a) If you set the correct quantities equal to the provided value of Ka, you should be OK. 2f) That is another way of saying that the reaction is kinetically controlled. You should receive full credit. 4c) The added mass is so insignificant compared to the extra heat being released that it shouldn't have any observable effect on the specific ...2a-b, Cellular respiration & common ancestry. (Opens a modal) 2c-d, Cellular respiration & cell compartmentalization and its origins. (Opens a modal) 3a-b, Phylogeny. (Opens a modal) 4a-b, Meiosis and genetic diversity. (Opens a modal) 5a-b, Responses to the environment.Posted by u/ChemistryGuruu - 33 votes and 51 commentsAP Biology 2021 Exam FRQs Complete Video Solutions r/APBioNBC, 2.a, 3.d, 5.d.b, 8 more. A hydrophilic peptide hormone is produced in the anterior pituitary gland located at the base of the brain. Source: studylib.net. 2015 AP USGOPO FRQs DeLong Answers, Ap biology past exam questions. In this video melanie discusses some of the changes and how ...Sample: 6B. Score: 3. The response earned 1 point in part (a) for identifying mRNA III. The response earned 1 point in part (b) for describing the phases and changes of mRNA I concentration throughout the experiment, concluding with decreasing at “about 10 hours.”.y = cx 4 x 2 , for some c. Each spinning toy is in the shape of the solid generated when such a region is. −. revolved about the x-axis. Both x and y are measured in inches. (a) Find the area of the region in the first quadrant bounded by the x-axis and the graph of y = cx 4 x2 − for c = 6. dy c 2x (4.AP CentralAP Classroomcheck out the lumist discord here: https://discord.gg/E9Czs2QVe40:00 - 1:10 intro & info on exam1:11 - 2:30 design an investigation q2:31 - 3:16 identify tas...In today’s digital age, having a strong online presence is crucial for professionals in all industries. One important aspect of this is having a well-crafted professional bio that ...If you are taking the AP biology exam and are looking for study resources, these practice questions will help you prepare to ace the test. Schools. ... July 13, 2021 11th Grade, 12th Grade, Majors and Minors. 10 Hardest AP Biology Practice Questions. June 21, 2021 11th Grade, 12th Grade, AP Guides.44 terms. incredibleKyrstin. Preview. BMD 410 Lecture 10- Digestion. 7 terms. sciquiz20. Preview. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Catabolism of glucose in glycolysis and pyruvate oxidation, Oxidation of intermediates in the Krebs cycle, Formation of a proton gradient by the electron transport chain and more.2a-b, Cellular respiration & common ancestry. (Opens a modal) 2c-d, Cellular respiration & cell compartmentalization and its origins. (Opens a modal) 3a-b, Phylogeny. (Opens a modal) 4a-b, Meiosis and genetic diversity. (Opens a modal) 5a-b, Responses to the environment.If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at [email protected]. The 2020 free-response questions are available in the AP Classroom question bank. Download free-response questions from past AP Human Geography ... This video covers the FRQs from the May 2021 AP Biology Exam. Make sure to join our Discord Channel to meet the instructors, ask to follow up questions, and ... Chemicals that absorb light energy and use it to carry out photosynthesis. Contained in thylakoid membranes in chloroplast. Examples are chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, xanthophylls, and phycobilins. chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. A green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria.Sample: 6B. Score: 3. The response earned 1 point in part (a) for identifying mRNA III. The response earned 1 point in part (b) for describing the phases and changes of mRNA I concentration throughout the experiment, concluding with decreasing at "about 10 hours.".It might help you focus what you want to say when you start writing your actual answer. I say just practice a ton of frqs and you'll eventually find your groove of writing, ive done that for my other ap classes and its helped. Here are a few FRQ Strategy videos for AP Bio: Long FRQ Tips Short FRQ Tips Good luck!Trevor Packer. July 15, 2021. The following data reflect the 212,198 students worldwide who took either the paper or the digital AP Biology Exam in May. Data from students who …During the 2021-2022 school year, these TikToks were made to help students with specific topics. You can find additional Unit 1 TikToks by clicking the "Unit 1" image above. AP Bio TikTok: Bonding Review. AP Bio TikTok: Water Properties. AP Bio TikTok: Dehydration & Hydrolysis Reactions. AP Bio TikTok: Carbohydrate Overview.This is the 2013 practice test published by the College Board. Includes AP Biology multiple choice, grid-ins, and free response questions. Be sure to review this one! This is the 1999 exam that was released by the College Board. Includes answers for multiple choice along with thorough explanations for the essay questions.Fl flies were crossed, and the data for the resulting F2 flies are given in the table below. F2 Phenotype Bronze eyes Red eyes Male 3,720 1,260 Female 3,800 1,320 Cross Il: True-breeding normal-winged males were crossed with true-breeding stunted-winged females. All the Fl offspring had stunted wings.Mar 20, 2021 ... Learn all about the 2021 AP Biology Exam AP Bio Penguins Link Tree: https://linktr.ee/apbiopenguins Everything you need to know about the ...Free-Response Questions. Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. If you are using assistive technology and need help accessing these PDFs in another format, contact Services for Students with Disabilities at 212-713-8333 or by email at ssd@info ...Protected: AP Biology – New Format FRQs; Protected: Ecology PowerPoints; Protected: Topic 8.4: Effect of Density of Populations; Protected: Population Ecology (8.3) Protected: AP Classroom Resources for Q3; Recent Comments. A WordPress Commenter on WordPress Resources at SiteGround; Archives. April 2024; …2021 ; AP Exam Administration ; Scoring Guidelines; scoring information; free-response scoring criteria; scoring resources; FRQ; teacher resources; exam information; ADA Created Date 12/22/2022 2:51:49 PMAP® Biology Scoring Statistics 2022 Free-Response Questions. Question. Mean. Standard Deviation. Number of Possible Points. 2.26. 1.83.

5 Questions. Directions: Questions 1, 4, and 5 are short free-response questions that require about 13 minutes each to answer and are worth 7 points each. Questions 2 and 3 are long free-response questions that require about 25 minutes each to answer and are worth 12 points each. Show your work for each part in the space provided after that part.. Keurig hard reset

2021 ap bio frqs

AP ® Microeconomics 2021 Free-Response Questions . MICROECONOMICS . SECTION II Total Time—1 hour Reading Period—10 minutes . Writing Period—50 minutes . 3 Questions . Directions: You are advised to spend the first 10 minutes reading all of the questions and planning your answers. You will then have 50 minutes to answer all three of the ...The AP Calculus BC Exam has consistent question types, weighting, and scoring guidelines every year, so you and your students know what to expect on exam day. Section I: Multiple Choice. 45 Questions | 1 Hour 45 minutes | 50% of Exam Score. Part A: 30 questions; 60 minutes (calculator not permitted). Part B: 15 questions; 45 minutes (graphing ...AP Biology 2001 Scoring Guidelines. The materials included in these files are intended for non-commercial use by AP teachers for course and exam preparation; permission for any other use must be sought from the Advanced Placement Program. Teachers may reproduce them, in whole or in part, in limited quantities, for face-to-face teaching purposes ...Sample: 6B. Score: 3. The response earned 1 point in part (a) for identifying mRNA III. The response earned 1 point in part (b) for describing the phases and changes of mRNA I concentration throughout the experiment, concluding with decreasing at "about 10 hours.".Question 1 During an investigation of a freshwater lake, an AP Biology student discovers a previously unknown microscopic organism. Further study shows that the unicellular organism is eukaryotic (a) Identify FOUR organelles that should be present in the eukaryotic organism and describe the function of each organelle.AP® Biology Scoring Statistics 2023 Free-Response Questions. Question. Mean. Standard Deviation. Number of Possible Points. 2.80. 2.25.AP Macroeconomics FRQ Practice. Ready to practice for you next free response exam? ReviewEcon.com has you covered! Below are some of my favorite Free Response Questions from past AP Macroeconomics Exams. Click on the question, try it out, then watch the review video to walk you through it! If you have any questions, ask them in the video comments.Questions 1 and 2 are long free-response questions that require about 25 minutes each to answer. Questions 3 through 6 are short free-response questions that require about 10 minutes each to answer. Read each question carefully and completely. Answers must be written out in paragraph form.Question 1 During an investigation of a freshwater lake, an AP Biology student discovers a previously unknown microscopic organism. Further study shows that the unicellular organism is eukaryotic (a) Identify FOUR organelles that should be present in the eukaryotic organism and describe the function of each organelle. AP® Biology 2022 Scoring Guidelines. Question 3: Scientific Investigation. 4 points. Fireflies emit light when the enzyme luciferase catalyzes a reaction in which its substrate, D-luciferin, reacts to form oxyluciferin and other products (Figure 1). In order to determine the optimal temperature for this enzyme, scientists added ATP to a ... AP® Biology 2022 Scoring Guidelines. Question 1: Interpreting and Evaluating Experimental Results with Experimental Design. 9 points. The binding of an extracellular ligand to a G protein-coupled receptor in the plasma membrane of a cell triggers intracellular signaling (Figure 1, A). After ligand binding, GTP replaces the GDP that is bound to.Ap Bio 2023 Frqs AP Calculus AB Prep Plus 2020 & 2021 Kaplan Test Prep 2020-02-04 Kaplan's AP Calculus AB Prep Plus 2020 & 2021 is revised to align with the 2020 exam changes. This edition features 1,000 practice questions, 8 full-length practice tests, complete explanations for every question, pre-chapterStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like 1.Explain the role of each of the following in protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells. • RNA polymerase • Spliceosomes (snRNPs) • Codons • Ribosomes • tRNA, 2. (a) Explain how ligand A and ligand B can cause identical cellular responses in a cell. (b) Predict the most likely effect of a two-nucleotide deletion in the ....

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